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Mount Sinai Hospital, founded in 1852, is one of the oldest and largest teaching hospitals in the United States. In 2011–2012, Mount Sinai Hospital was ranked as one of America's best hospitals by ''U.S. News & World Report'' in 12 specialties.〔(U.S. News & World Report: America's Best Hospitals 2011-12 ) retrieved on July 19, 2011.〕 Located on the eastern border of Central Park, at 100th Street and Fifth Avenue, in the New York City borough of Manhattan, Mount Sinai has a number of hospital affiliates in the New York metropolitan area including Brooklyn Hospital Center, and an additional campus, the Mount Sinai Hospital of Queens. The hospital is also affiliated with the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, which opened in September 1968.〔(Mount Sinai School of Medicine: History ) retrieved on April 28, 2010.〕 In 2013, The Mount Sinai Hospital joined with the Continuum Health Partners in the creation of The Mount Sinai Health System. The system encompasses the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and seven hospital campuses in the New York metropolitan area, as well as a large, regional ambulatory footprint. ==History== As U.S. cities grew more crowded in the mid-19th century, philanthropist Sampson Simson (1780-1857) founded a hospital to address the needs of New York's rapidly growing Jewish immigrant community. It was the second Jewish hospital in the United States. At the time of its founding in 1852, other hospitals in New York City discriminated against Jews by not hiring them and preventing them from being treated in their wards.〔"(When the Jews congregated at Mount Sinai )," ''Jerusalem Post''.〕 The Jews' Hospital in the City of New York, as it was then called, was built on 28th Street in Manhattan, between 7th & 8th Avenues, on land donated by Simson; it opened two years before Simson's death. Four years later, it would be unexpectedly filled to capacity with soldiers from the Civil War.〔〔(Mount Sinai: Mount Sinai Hospital: History )〕 The Jews' Hospital felt the effects of the escalating Civil War in other ways, as staff doctors and board members were called into service: Dr. Israel Moses served four years as Lieutenant Colonel in the 72nd;〔(The Chattanooga Civil War Round Table )〕 Joseph Seligman had to resign as a member of the Board of Directors as he was increasingly called upon by President Lincoln for advice on the country's growing financial crisis.〔(The Civil War Dictionary )〕〔(From Pack Peddler to International Banker: The Life and Times of Joseph Seligman )〕 The Draft Riots of 1863 again strained the resources of the new hospital, as draft inequities and a shortage of qualified men increased racial tensions in New York City. As the Jews' Hospital struggled to tend to the many wounded, outside its walls over one hundred men, women and children were killed in the riots.〔(Answers.com – New York Draft Riots )〕 More and more, the Jews' hospital was finding itself an integral part of the general community. In 1866, to reflect this new-found role, it changed its name. In 1872, the Hospital moved uptown to the east side of Lexington Avenue, between 66th and 67th Streets. Now called The Mount Sinai Hospital, the institution forged relationships with many physicians who made contributions to medicine, including Henry N. Heineman, Frederick S. Mandelbaum, Bernard Sachs, Charles A. Elsberg, Emanuel Libman, and, most significantly, Abraham Jacobi, known as the Father of American Pediatrics and a champion of construction at the hospital's new site on Manhattan's Upper East Side in 1904.〔(FAQs.org – Abraham Jacobi Biography )〕 The Hospital established a school of nursing in 1881. Created by Alma deLeon Hendricks and a small group of women, The Mount Sinai Hospital Training School for Nurses was taken over by the Hospital in 1895. In 1923 the name was changed to The Mount Sinai Hospital School of Nursing. This school closed in 1971 after graduating 4,700 nurses—all women except one man in the last class. An active alumnae association continues. The early 20th century saw the population of New York City explode. That, coupled with many new discoveries at Mount Sinai (including significant advances in blood transfusions and the first endotracheal anesthesia apparatus), meant that Mount Sinai's pool of doctors and experts was in increasing demand. A $1.35 million expansion of the 1904 hospital site (equivalent to over $30 million in 2008)〔(Measuringworth.com )〕 raced to keep pace with demand. The opening of the new buildings was delayed by the advent of World War I. Mount Sinai responded to a request from the United States Army Medical Corps with the creation of Base Hospital No.3. This unit went to France in early 1918 and treated 9,127 patients with 172 deaths: 54 surgical and 118 medical, the latter due mainly to influenza and pneumonia. Two decades later, with tensions in Europe escalating, a committee dedicated to finding placements for doctors fleeing Nazi Germany was founded in 1933. With the help of the National Committee for the Resettlement of Foreign Physicians, Mount Sinai Hospital became a new home for a large number of émigrés. When war broke out, Mount Sinai was the first hospital to throw open its doors to Red Cross nurses' aides; the hospital trained many in its effort to reduce the nursing shortage in the States. Meanwhile, the President of the Medical Board, George Baehr, M.D. was called by President Roosevelt to serve as the nation's Chief Medical Director of the Office of Civilian Defense.〔(American Journal of Public Health, June 1943 )〕 These wartime roles would be eclipsed, however, when the men and women of Mount Sinai's 3rd General Hospital set sail for Casablanca, eventually setting up a 1,000-bed hospital in war-torn Tunisia. Before moving to tend to the needs of soldiers in Italy and France, the 3rd General Hospital had treated more than 5,000 wounded soldiers.〔(Veterans' History Project: Interview with Isabelle Cook )〕 In the decades following World War II, Mount Sinai has continued its efforts to expand its usefulness to medicine and its communities. In 1963 the Hospital created a medical school and in 1968 welcomed the first students of Mount Sinai School of Medicine, now the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. The 1980s saw a $500 million hospital expansion, including the construction of the Guggenheim Pavilion, the first medical facility designed by I.M. Pei; and the faculty have made significant contributions to gene therapy, cardiology, immunotherapy, organ transplants, cancer treatments and minimally invasive surgery. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mount Sinai Hospital (Manhattan)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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